The Indus Water Treaty: revisiting challenges and cooperation in shared river basins

Abstract

The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) of 1960 constitutes a historic agreement in the management of transboundary water resources in a context of complex political dynamics. This article revisits the IWT, examines its conflict resolution successes, and highlights emerging challenges in the context of changing environmental realities and evolving water demands. We analyze the treaty's framework for water allocation, dispute resolution mechanisms, and its adaptability to contemporary issues such as climate change and basin-wide development. Finally, we propose ways to strengthen cooperation and promote a sustainable future for the Indus Basin.